مارک توین
مارک تووین (٣٠ی تشرینی دووەمی ١٨٣٥ - ٢١ی نیسانی ١٩١٠) ناوی ڕاستەقینەی ساموێل لانگھۆرن کلیمێنس، تەنزنووسێکی ئەمریکی بوو، ھۆنراوە، کورتە چیرۆک، بابەت و ناوەڕۆکی ناخەیاڵی دەنووسی، زیاتر بە ڕۆمانەکانی سەرگەرمیەکانی تۆم سوێر «١٨٧٦» و تەواوکەرەکەی "سەرگەرمیەکانی ھاکلبێری فین "١٨٨٤" ناسراوە، کە بە «ڕۆمانی مەزنی ئەمریکی» وەسف کراوە. زۆر پەندی پێشینان و وتەی گاڵتەجاڕانەی لێ وەرگیرا و ھاوڕێی زۆرێک لە سەرۆک و ھونەرمەند و پیاوانی پیشەسازی و ئەندامانی بنەماڵە شاھانەییەکانی ئەورووپا بوو، دوای مردنی بە «گەورەترین تەنزنووسی ئەمریکی لە سەردەمی خۆیدا» وەسف کرا و ویلیام فۆڵکنەر بە باوکی وێژەی ئەمریکی ناوی بردووە.[١][٢][٣][٤][٥][٦]
مارک تووین | |
---|---|
لەدایکبوون | ساموێل لانگھۆرن کلیمێنس ٣٠ی تشرینی دووەمی ١٨٣٥ فلۆریدا، ویلایەتی میسووری ئەمریکا |
مردن | ٢١ی نیسانی ١٩١٠ |
پیشە | نووسەر |
زمان | ئینگلیزی |
نەتەوە | ئەمریکی |
ھاوسەر | ئۆلیڤیا لانگدۆن |
لە کارەکانی[دەستکاری]
ڕۆمانەکانی[دەستکاری]
- The Gilded Age: A Tale of Today (1873)[N ١]
- The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1876)
- The Prince and the Pauper (1881)
- Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (1884)
- A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (1889)
- The American Claimant (1892)
- Pudd'nhead Wilson (1894)
- Tom Sawyer Abroad (1894)
- Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (1896)
- Tom Sawyer, Detective (1896)
- A Double Barrelled Detective Story (1902)
- A Horse's Tale (1907)
- The Mysterious Stranger (1916, posthumous)
کورتە چیرۆکەکانی[دەستکاری]
- "The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County" (1867)
- "General Washington's Negro Body-Servant" (1868)
- "My Late Senatorial Secretaryship" (1868)
- "Some Learned Fables for Good Old Boys and Girls" (1875)
- "A Literary Nightmare" (1876)
- "A Murder, a Mystery, and a Marriage" (1876)
- "The Invalid's Story" (1877)
- "The Great Revolution in Pitcairn" (1879)
- "1601: Conversation, as it was by the Social Fireside, in the Time of the Tudors" (١٨٨٠)
- "The Stolen White Elephant" (1882)
- "Luck" (1891)
- "Those Extraordinary Twins" (1892)
- "The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg" (1900)
- "A Dog's Tale" (1904)
- "Extracts from Adam's Diary" (1904)
- "The War Prayer" (1905)
- "Eve's Diary" (1906)
- "Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven" (1909)
- "My Platonic Sweetheart" (1912, posthumous)
- "The Private Life of Adam and Eve" (1931, posthumous)
Collections[دەستکاری]
- Short story collections
- Mark Twain's (Burlesque) Autobiography and First Romance (1871), short story collection
- Sketches New and Old (1875), short story collection
- A True Story and the Recent Carnival of Crime (1877), short story collection
- Punch, Brothers, Punch! and Other Sketches (1878), short story collection
- Mark Twain's Library of Humor (1888), short story collection
- Merry Tales (1892), short story collection
- The £1,000,000 Bank Note and Other New Stories (1893), short story collection
- The $30,000 Bequest and Other Stories (1906), short story collection
- The Curious Republic of Gondour and Other Whimsical Sketches (1919, posthumous), short story collection
- The Washoe Giant in San Francisco (1938, posthumous), short story collection
- Essay collections
- Memoranda (1870-1871), essay collection from Galaxy
- How to Tell a Story and other Essays (1897), essay collection
- Letters from the Earth (1962, posthumous), essay collection
Essays[دەستکاری]
- "The Awful German Language" (1880)
- "Advice to Youth" (1882)
- "Fenimore Cooper's Literary Offenses" (1895)
- "English As She Is Taught" (1887)
- "Concerning the Jews" (1898)
- "A Salutation Speech From the Nineteenth Century to the Twentieth" (1900)
- "To the Person Sitting in Darkness" (1901)
- "To My Missionary Critics" (1901)
- "Edmund Burke on Croker and Tammany" (1901)
- "What Is Man?" (1906)
- "Christian Science" (1907)
- "Queen Victoria's Jubilee" (1910)
- "The United States of Lyncherdom" (1923, posthumous)
Non-fiction[دەستکاری]
- The Innocents Abroad (1869), travel
- Roughing It (1872), travel
- Old Times on the Mississippi (1876), travel
- A Tramp Abroad (1880), travel
- Life on the Mississippi (1883), travel
- Following the Equator (1897), travel
- Is Shakespeare Dead? (1909)
- Moments with Mark Twain (1920, posthumous)
- Mark Twain's Notebook (1935, posthumous)
نووسینەکانی دیکەی[دەستکاری]
- Is He Dead? (1898), play
- "The Battle Hymn of the Republic, Updated" (1901), satirical lyric
- "King Leopold's Soliloquy" (1905), satire
- "Little Bessie Would Assist Providence" (1908), poem
- Slovenly Peter (1935, posthumous), children's book[N ٢]
Autobiography and letters[دەستکاری]
- Chapters from My Autobiography published by North American Review (1906–1907)[٧]
- Posthumous edition compiled and edited by Albert Bigelow Paine (1924)
- Posthumous edition named Mark Twain in Eruption compiled and edited by Bernard DeVoto (1940)
- Posthumous edition compiled and edited by Charles Neider
- Posthumous edition compiled and edited by Harriet Elinor Smith and the Mark Twain Project: Volume 1 (2010)
- (Mark Twain's Letters, 1853–1880 2010, posthumous)
پەراوێزەکان[دەستکاری]
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20100413130044/http://www.marktwainhouse.org:80/theman/bio.shtml
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20091007113929/http://www.americaslibrary.gov/cgi-bin/page.cgi/aa/writers/twain/huckfinn_1
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20190413175428/http://www.twainquotes.com/
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20190203142427/http://www.quotationspage.com/quotes/Mark_Twain
- ^ https://web.archive.org/web/20111105045132/http://marktwainclassics.com:80/marktwain/obituary-new-york-times
- ^ Jelliffe، Robert A. (1956). Faulkner at Nagano. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, Ltd.
- ^ "Mark Twain's own autobiography: the chapters from the North American review", پەرتووکەکانی گووگڵ. Retrieved 2010-05-27.
سەرچاوەکان[دەستکاری]
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain#Bibliography
- http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark_Twain_bibliography
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