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"Twenty Years" tells of a meeting with a sailor who left the area as a boy and has now returned after 20 years of circling the world [Whitman first writes of time having "circled round and round" then immediately after speaks of the sailor "circling round and round" the globe]. But rather than focus on the adventures that transpired during the sailor's time at sea, Whitman focuses on how Time has changed the area while the sailor was gone: "How CHANGED the place -- ALL the old land-marks gone -- the parents DEAD" [emphases mine]. And even this focus on the 20 year-period is short-lived, as the poem quickly shifts to the sights and sounds of the scene. Though it is convenient for Whitman to explain detailed sights in a poem that he knew would be illustrated, the suddenness of the shift goes along with the theme of great change: Just as surely as Time leaves nothing unchanged [whether the land or the people], so Whitman's focus within the poem need not stay steady.
Originally written for the illustrated Magazine of Art in 1887, "Twenty Years" was illustrated by Walter Paget, whose brother, Sidney Paget, was the illustrator for the Sherlock Holmes stories. A digital image of a copy of the original issue can be found here: http://www.whitmanarchive.org/published/periodical/figures/per.00046.001.jpg